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PROMs in Orthopedics: Picking the Right Instrument

KOOS, HOOS, ASES, QuickDASH, FAAM — which patient-reported outcome measure to use, when, and why it matters beyond the score.

PROMsOutcomesOrthopedicsKOOSASES
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On this pageWhat PROMs areWhich instrument, by jointWhen to administer themWhy they matter beyond the score

Key takeaways

  • PROMs are validated patient-reported questionnaires that quantify function and recovery.
  • Match the instrument to the joint: KOOS (knee), HOOS (hip), ASES (shoulder), QuickDASH (upper extremity), FAAM (ankle/foot), LEFS (lower extremity).
  • Administer at intervals — a baseline plus follow-ups — to make change visible.
  • Beyond the score, PROMs support shared decisions, outcomes reporting, and documentation.
As of the CY2026 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule (final rule CMS-1832-F, effective January 1, 2026). General educational information, not billing or legal advice. Coverage, codes, and payment vary by payer and locality — confirm specifics with your biller.

A pain score on a given day is a snapshot. A validated patient-reported outcome measure, taken at intervals, is a trend — and trends are what tell you whether a recovery is on track. PROMs turn “how are you feeling?” into something you can compare across time and patients.

What PROMs are

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures are standardized, validated questionnaires the patient completes about their own function, pain, and quality of life. “Validated” is the operative word: each instrument has been tested to produce reliable, comparable scores for a specific condition or joint.

Which instrument, by joint

RegionCommon instrument
Knee (OA / replacement)KOOS Jr.
Knee (ligament / ACL)IKDC
HipHOOS Jr.
ShoulderASES
Elbow / wrist / handQuickDASH
Ankle / footFAAM
General lower extremityLEFS
Match the instrument to the anatomy — the score only means something when the measure was built for that joint.

The right PROM is the one validated for the joint you're treating — a knee score from a shoulder instrument tells you nothing.

When to administer them

The value is in the comparison, so PROMs are administered at intervals: a baseline (pre-op or at the start of the episode) and then follow-ups aligned to the recovery timeline — commonly at a few weeks, a few months, and longer-term checkpoints. One score is data; a baseline plus follow-ups is a recovery curve.

Why they matter beyond the score

BoneArc matches the right instrument to each patient's procedure, schedules it by recovery interval, and scores it on submission — so the outcome data accrues without anyone chasing forms.

RTM left on the table is usually a bookkeeping problem, not a coding one.

BoneArc tracks data-days, review time, and the attested call — so the billable work is documented as it happens.

See it on your panel →
Sources & verification. Reflects the 2026 CPT code set and CMS CY2026 Physician Fee Schedule final rule (CMS-1832-F), effective January 1, 2026. Code identities, descriptors, and day/minute thresholds are stated as published; the one national dollar figure given is 98975 = $21.71 (non-facility) — all other amounts vary by MAC, locality (GPCI), and contract and are described as ranges. Educational information, not billing or legal advice — verify against current CMS guidance and your fee schedule.